Category: python
Variable Scope
Published on 24 Jul 2026
Explanation
Variable scope determines where a variable can be accessed within a program. Python mainly has two types of scope: local
Code:
company = 'HackForge' # Global Variable
def display_company():
company = 'OpenAI' # Local Variable
print('Inside Function:', company)
display_company()
print('Outside Function:', company)
count = 10
def update_count():
global count
count += 5
update_count()
print('Updated Count:', count)
Explanation
Sometimes we do not know how many arguments will be passed to a function. Python provides *args to accept a
Code:
def add_numbers(*args):
total = 0
for number in args:
total += number
return total
print(add_numbers(10, 20))
print(add_numbers(5, 10, 15, 20))
print(add_numbers(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6))
Explanation
The **kwargs parameter allows a function to accept any number of keyword arguments. Inside the function, **kwargs behaves like a
Code:
def display_employee(**kwargs):
for key, value in kwargs.items():
print(key, ':', value)
display_employee(
id=101,
name='John',
department='IT',
salary=55000
)
print('----------------')
display_employee(name='Alice', city='Chennai')
Explanation
Recursion is a programming technique in which a function calls itself to solve a problem. Every recursive function must have
Code:
def factorial(n):
if n == 1:
return 1
return n * factorial(n - 1)
number = 5
result = factorial(number)
print('Factorial of', number, 'is', result)
Explanation
These concepts are frequently combined in real-world applications. Global variables can store application settings, *args can process an unknown number
Code:
tax_rate = 18
def calculate_total(*prices, **details):
subtotal = sum(prices)
tax = subtotal * tax_rate / 100
total = subtotal + tax
print('Customer:', details.get('customer'))
print('City:', details.get('city'))
print('Subtotal:', subtotal)
print('Tax:', tax)
print('Total:', total)
calculate_total(
1200,
800,
500,
customer='Praveen',
city='Chennai'
)